[Loch-Ruadh] Today in History April3 to April 13

[Steve K. Rourke]

April 3

Born:
1245 Philip III king of France (1270-85)
1593 George Herbert English metaphysical poet (5 Mystical Songs)


Deaths:

Other Events:
245 -BC- Origin of Era of Arsaces
309 -BC- Origin of Seleucid Era
419 [Etalius] ends his reign as Catholic Pope

April 4

Born:
188 Caracalla Roman emperor (211-17)


Deaths:
1284 Alfonso X Spanish king (Castile & Leon), dies at 62
1588 Frederick II king of Denmark, dies
1604 Thomas Churchyard poet/pamphleteer, dies

Other Events:
896 Formosus ends his reign as Catholic Pope
1460 University of Basle in Swizerland forms
1541 Ignatius of Loyola becomes 1st superior-general of the Jesuits
1581 Frances Drake completres circumnavigation of the world

April 5

Born:
1588 Thomas Hobbes England, philosopher (Leviathan)

Deaths:
1531 Richard Roose boiled to death for trying to poison an archbishop

Other Events:
1242 Alexander Nevsky of Novgorod defeats Teutonic Knights

April 6

Born:
1483 Raphael [Raffaello Sanzio], Neth, painter (Sistine Madonna)

Deaths:
1199 Richard I the Lion-hearted, King of England (1189-99), dies at 41
1348 Petrarch's Laura dies of plague
1520 Raphael artist dies on his 37th birthday
1528 Albrecht Drer artist, dies in Nrnberg Germany


Other Events:
610 Lailat-ul Qadar, the night the koran descended to Earth
648 -BC- Earliest total solar eclipse; chronicled by Greeks
1327 Italian poet Petrarch 1st sets eyes on his beloved Laura

April 7

Born:
1506 St Francis Xavier Jesuit missionary to India, Malaya, & Japan

Deaths:
30 Jesus crucified by Roman troops in Jerusalem (scholars' estimate)
1614 El Greco Spanish painter, dies (birth date unknown)

Other Events:
1541 Spanish founder of the Jesuits Francis Xavier, 35, and three friends
set sail from Lisbon, Portugal for Goa. They became the first Roman Catholic
missionaries to travel to India.

April 8

Born:
563 -BC- Gautama Buddha (as celebrated in Japan-Kambutsue)
1460 Ponce de Le¢n
1533 Claudio Merulo organist/composer

Deaths:
217 Caracalla [Marcus Aureiius Antoniius], Roman emperor, dies
1143 John II Byzantine emperor, dies in an accident

Other Events:
1546 At its fourth session, the Council of Trent adopted Jerome's "Latin
Vulgate" as the official Bible of the Roman Catholic Church. (Included in
the Vulgate O.T. were the 15 apocryphal books which Protestants reject in
their biblical canon.)

April 9

Born:

Deaths:
1483 Edward IV king of England, dies
1492 Lorenzo de' Medici Florentine statesman, dies
1553 Fran?ois Rabelais author, dies

Other Events:
715 Constantine ends his reign as Catholic Pope
1241 Battle of Liegnitz - Mongol armies defeat Poles & Germans
1388 Battle of N"fels; Glarius Swiss defeat Habsburg (Austrian) army

April 10

Born:
1583 Hugo Grotius Holland, jurist, father of international law

Deaths:

Other Events:
847 St Leo IV begins his reign as Catholic Pope

April 11

Born:
1370 Frederick I the Warlike elector of Saxony

Deaths:

Other Events:
672 Deusdedit III begins his reign as Catholic Pope
678 Donus ends his reign as Catholic Pope
1506 The foundation stone of the new St. Peter's Basilica was laid under the
patronage of Julius II. (The church was not completed, however, until 1626.)

April 12

Born:

Deaths:


Other Events:
352 St Julius I ends his reign as Catholic Pope
1204 4th Crusade sacks Constantinople
1572 French-born Swiss reformer Theodore Beza (John Calvin's successor)
wrote in a letter to Scottish reformer John Knox: 'They whose citizenship is
in heaven ought to have their whole dependence on heaven.'
1606 England adopts the Union Jack as its flag

April 13

Born:
1519 Catherine de Medicis queen consort of Henry II of France

Deaths:

Other Events:
837 Best view of Halley's Comet in 2000 years
1059 Pope Nicholas II decreed that future popes could be elected by
cardinals only. 1598 Edict of Nantes grants political rights to French
Huguenots




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