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<DIV><FONT size=4>Perhaps it was because they weren't getting a 'cut' of the
action...</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=4></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV>Lady Runa of the Thundering Herd<BR><A
href="http://runa-herd.livejournal.com">http://runa-herd.livejournal.com</A>
<BR><A
href="http://thethunderingherd.net">http://thethunderingherd.net</A>
<BR><A href="http://www.bedlambazaar.com"><FONT
color=#0000ff>www.bedlambazaar.com</FONT></A> - updated <BR><A
href="http://bedlambazaar.blogspot.com"><FONT
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<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black"><B>From:</B>
<A title=jamesnorthfolke@gmail.com
href="mailto:jamesnorthfolke@gmail.com">jamesnorthfolke@gmail.com</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A
title=ravensfort@lists.ansteorra.org
href="mailto:ravensfort@lists.ansteorra.org">Ravens Fort</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Sunday, January 25, 2009 7:04
PM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> [Ravensfort] The Church on
Tournaments</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>Browsing through The Study of Chivalry: Resources and
Approaches (Howell Chickering, Thomas H. Seiler, eds.) I came upon some text
from various Church counsels regarding tournaments; notice the repetitious
language:<BR><BR>Council of Clermont (1130), canon 9<BR><BR>We completely
forbid those detestable fairs or festivals where knights customarily gather by
agreement and heedlessly fight among themselves to make show of their strength
and bravery, whence often result men's deaths and souls' peril. Should any one
of them die on such an occasion, he should not be denied penance and the last
rites if he asks for them, yet let him not enjoy Church
burial.<BR><BR>again....<BR><BR>Council of Reims (1148), canon 12<BR><BR>We
wholly forbid occasion for the heedless audacity of those knights who
customarily gather by agreement for detestable fairs or festivals to make show
of their strength, whence have often resulted the deaths of bodies and souls.
Should anyone be killed or die on such occasion, penitence and the last rites
should not be denied him; yet let him not enjoy Church burial.<BR><BR>maybe if
we write it this way....<BR><BR>Lateran Council (1179), canon 20<BR><BR>Let
there be no tournaments. In adherence to the precedent established by our
predecessors, Pope Innocent of blessed memory and Eugene, we prohibit occasion
for those detestable fairs or festivals, which are commonly called
tournaments, where knights customarily go by agreement and heedlessly fight
among themselves to make show of their strength and bravery, whence often
result men's death and souls' peril. Should any one of them die on such an
occasion, he should not be denied indulgence if he asks for it; yet let him
not enjoy Church burial.<BR><BR>now this is interfering with corporate
initiatives....<BR><BR>Lateran Council (1215)<BR><BR>...We are aware that
tournaments have been widely forbidden by various councils on pain of certain
penalties, but now, because they greatly impede the business of crusade, we
prohibit them absolutely, on pain of excommunication, for three
years....<BR><BR>James
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