[Sca-cooks] Fw: [SCA-AS] Links: Medieval Jerusalem- OT

Mon Feb 16 16:13:22 PST 2004

The following links are a bit OT, but I thought I'd send them along because
I know we have several Jewish folks, or folks with Jewish personas (not to
mention a fair number of  Crusaders) who might find these links of interest.
After all, no matter what your period in the Middle Ages, the Holy Land was
of interest.

Saint Phlip,
CoDoLDS

"When in doubt, heat it up and hit it with a hammer."
 Blacksmith's credo.

 If it walks like a duck, and quacks like a duck, it is probably not a
cat.

Never a horse that cain't be rode,
And never a rider who cain't be throwed....

----- Original Message -----
From: "Lis" <liontamr at ptd.net>
To: "Thamesreach" <Thamesreach at yahoogroups.com>; "Stefan li Rous"
<StefanliRous at austin.rr.com>; "Siusan" <blondq at ptd.net>; "SCA Kingdom MOYs
List" <SCA_kingdom_childrens_officers at yahoogroups.com>; "Meg"
<lionus at ptd.net>; "Kathy Said" <sobheya at msn.com>; "Justin"
<publisher at scatoday.net>; "Joe Chrifffrillier" <chiffj at urbancom.net>;
"Gilbert" <wildcat2 at ptd.net>; "Endless Hills List"
<TheEndlessHills at yahoogroups.com>; "EKSouth" <EKSouth at yahoogroups.com>;
"Coco" <double07 at ptd.net>; "Briant" <ladybriant at comcast.net>; "ArtsSciences"
<artssciences at lists.gallowglass.org>; "Alastar" <smorrisson at nauticom.net>;
"AE List" <sca-aethelmearc at andrew.cmu.edu>; "Joanne Herr"
<jlherr at comcast.net>
Sent: Monday, February 16, 2004 4:33 PM
Subject: [SCA-AS] Links: Medieval Jerusalem

> Greetings everyone. This week's Links List will focus on the Kingdom of
> Jerusalem. Not only the history of that time and place, but also the food,
> the architecture, the archaeology, and the heraldry. I hope you enjoy this
> Links List about a beautiful city and it's turbulent period of
> Rulership---one we see echoed today in the headlines.
>
> Several of these sites will give you a pop-up window that asks you to
> install a Hebrew Font---clicking cancel will take you to the site without
> installation, which won't effect your viewing of the pages. A Windows
> INstallation CD is necessary to install the Hebrew Font, if you wish to do
> so.
>
> Please share this Links list wherever it will find an audience and feel
free
> to use it to update you web pages, etc...
>
> Sincerely
>
> Dame Aoife FInn of Ynos Mon
> Riverouge
> Aethelmearc
>
> Jerusalem: Christian Architecture through the Ages copyright January 2000
> Focus on Israel http://www.israel.org/mfa/go.asp?MFAH0gn30
> (SiteExcerpt) Building in Jerusalem also made repeated re-use of older
stone
> work and architectural elements. Herodian- and even Hasmonean-cut stones
can
> be found in buildings of the Byzantine, early-Islamic and Crusader
periods;
> and a stone-carved rosette window from a Crusader church is incorporated
in
> the 16th century Ottoman fountain opposite the Bab al-Silsila (Gate of the
> Chain) entrance to the Haram esh-Sharif (the temple Mount).
>
> Byzantine & Medieval Studies Sites
> http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/medweb/
> A tremendous list of links, anyof which hinge upon the history of
Jerusalem.
>
> The Walls and Gates of Jerusalem
> by Jacqueline Schaalje
> http://www.jewishmag.com/65mag/jerusalemgates/jerusalemgates.htm
> (Site Excerpt) In the struggles between Moslems and Crusaders a series of
> new walls were built and destroyed before the present walls were
undertaken
> by the Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-66). He was a
tireless
> conqueror, whose campaigns took him to Europe, Persia and Iraq, and when
he
> started his Jerusalem project he was still embroiled in war. But
Jerusalem's
> walls were crumbling and Suleiman deemed strong walls essential against
> possible threats from Europe and local Bedouin tribes.
>
> Medieval Sourcebook:
> Roger of Hoveden:
> The Fall of Jerusalem, 1187
> http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/hoveden1187.html
> (Site Excerpt) 1187 In the same year, Saladin, king of Babylon, with an
> immense multitude of his Turks, on pretext of the disunion which existed
> between the king and the earl of Tripolis, entered the land of Jerusalem;
on
> which the brethren of the Temple and of the Hospital went forth against
him
> with a great multitude of people, and on an engagement taking place
between
> them, the army of the Pagans prevailed against the Christians, on which
the
> latter betook themselves to flight, and many of them were slain and many
> taken prisoners. On the same day also, being the calends of May, sixty
> brethren of the Temple, and the Grand Master of the Hospital, together
with
> sixty brethren of his house, were slain.
>
> Gerusalemme Liberata ("Jerusalem Delivered") First Book
> Online Medieval and Classical Library Release #13
> http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/OMACL/Tasso/1book.html
> (Site Excerpt) THE ARGUMENT
> God sends his angel to Tortosa down,
> Godfrey unites the Christian Peers and Knights;
> And all the Lords and Princes of renown
> Choose him their Duke, to rule the wars and fights.
> He mustereth all his host, whose number known,
> He sends them to the fort that Sion hights;
> The aged tyrant Juda's land that guides,
> In fear and trouble, to resist provides.
>
> Map: Jerusalem during the Crusades
> http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/maps/jlem-colmap.jpg
>
> Medieval Sourcebook: Fulk of Chartres:
> The Capture of Jerusalem, 1099
> http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/fulk2.html
> (site Excerpt) The final act of the First Crusade was Christian attack on
> Jerusalem, which
> was captured on July 15, 1099. Fulk of Chartres, the author of this
account,
> participated in the storming of the city and in the bloody massacre which
> followed.Chapter 27: The Siege of the City of Jerusalem On the seventh of
> June the Franks besieged Jerusalem. The city is located in a mountainous
> region, which is lacking in rivers, woods, and springs, except the
Fountain
> of Siloam, where there is plenty of water, but it empties forth only at
> certain intervals. This fountain empties into the valley, at the foot of
> Mount Zion, and flows into the course of the brook of Kedron, which,
during
> the winter, flows through the valley of Jehosaphat. There are many
cisterns,
> which furnish abundant water within the city.
>
> Medieval Jerusalem copyright Lynn Harry Nelson Emeritus Professor of
> Medieval History The University of Kansas
> http://www.ukans.edu/kansas/medieval/108/lectures/first_crusade.html
> (Site Excerpt) European society had survived the raids of the Magyars,
> Vikings, and Saracens, and its economy and society were recovering
quickly.
> There was a new spirit of adventure apparent in the art, literature, an
> actions of the western Europeans. This was manifested at least partly in
an
> increased popularity of pilgrimages -- journeys to visit distant holy
places
> to worship there and view the relics of the saints. This was a religious
> activity, but the many of the pilgrims clearly enjoyed themselves like
> tourists in any age.
>
> Eating in Jerusalem in the Medieval Crusader Period
> http://www.us-israel.org/jsource/Food/crusadefood.html
> (Site Excerpt) There is no doubt at all, however, that the Muslims had the
> upper hand in culinary matters. The Crusaders found a culinary paradise
> here, a remnant of the glorious Arab heritage of the courts of the caliphs
> in Baghdad and of the Persian kings. Arab and Egyptian cooks quickly found
> their place in the kitchens of Frankish high society in Jerusalem, Ramle
and
> Acre, teaching the knights some of the pleasures of the East. The high
> gastronomic culture was enriched by an elaborate tradition of music,
dancing
> and literature accompanying the meal, which turned it into a true banquet.
>
> Brown University: "Viking" Pilgrimage to the Holy Land
> fram! fram! cristmenn, crossmenn, konungsmenn!
> (Oláfs saga helga, ch. 224.) copyright Jessica A. Browner
> http://etext.virginia.edu/journals/EH/EH34/browne34.html
> (Site Excerpt) "Viking pilgrimage"--the phrase seems a contradiction. For
> three centuries, from circa A.D. 750-1050, the political and economic life
> of the Northern world was dominated by Scandinavian military activity and
> trade, but it was as Vikings that the Norsemen became known to the peoples
> of the Christian world, who depicted them as reavers and slayers of
> unparalleled ferocity. The piratical phase of Viking activity, however,
was
> relatively short-lived, and was followed by a more restrained colonization
> phase. When the Scandinavians first began to settle in the West in the
> latter part of the ninth century, they came into sustained contact with
> Christianity and its clergy, and it became inevitable that the barbarian
> Northmen, with their primitive beliefs in outmoded gods and with their
lack
> of writing and literacy, would be greatly influenced by the higher
Christian
> civilization which they now encountered at such close quarters. Not
> surprisingly, the conversion of the Viking peoples and their integration
> into the Western European Christian community has influenced decisively
the
> historiography of the Northern world.
>
> Jerusalem in the Early Muslim Age Copyright © 1995-2002, Snunit.
> http://jeru.huji.ac.il/ee1.htm
> (Site Excerpt) The Arab conquest of Jerusalem was bloodless. Tradition has
> it that the Patriarch Sophronios surrendered the city to Omar, the
commander
> of the Arab forces. In return the Patriarch was granted a writ of
privileges
> which guaranteed the right of Christians to maintain their holy places and
> pursue their customs unhindered. At the end of the 7th century Jerusalem
was
> recognized as the third holiest city in Islam, after Mecca and Medina, and
> as a destination for pilgrimage. The Temple Mountwas identified by Muslims
> as the place Muhammed reached in his Night Voyage and from which he
ascended
> to heaven.
> See also: Early Muslim Sites http://jeru.huji.ac.il/moslems_sites.htm
> Early Muslim Food http://jeru.huji.ac.il/moslems_food.htm
> Costumes of the Early Muslim Age Period
> http://jeru.huji.ac.il/moslems_costume.htm
> Prominent people of the early Muslim Age
> http://jeru.huji.ac.il/moslems_characters.htm
>
> The Crusader and Ayyubid Period (1099-1250 CE)Copyright © 1995-2002,
Snunit
> http://jeru.huji.ac.il/ef1.htm
> (Site Excerpt) On 15 July 1099 Jerusalem fell to the Crusaders after a
five
> week siege and the victors proceeded to massacre the city's Muslims and
> Jews. After 460 years of Muslim rule the Crusaders restored Jerusalem to
> Christian hands, and declared the city the capitalof the Kingdom of
> Jerusalem.The city's populations underwent a significant change. Western
> culture now took center-stage, with French the day-to-day language and
Latin
> the language of prayer.
>
> Medieval Sourcebook:
> The Taxes of the Kingdom of Jerusalem
> http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/taxesjlem.html
> (Site Excerpt) The following is a list of taxes of the kingdom of
Jerusalem.
> The list of articles taxed forms an excellent index of the character of
the
> commerce conducted by the Mediterranean powers of the time. 1. The old
> duties command that one should take at the custom house for the sale of
silk
> for every hundred Besants, 8 Besants and 19 Karoubles, [Henceforth the
coins
> are indicated by B and k] as duty. 2. For the duties oil cotton the rule
> commands that one should take per hundred, 10 B. and 18 K. as duties. 3.
For
> the duties of pepper the rule commands that one should take per hundred,
11
> B. and 5 K. as duties. 4. For cinnamon the rule commands that one should
> take per hundred 10 B. and 18 K. as duties. 5. For wool the rule commands
> that one should take per hundred B., 11 B. and 10 K. as taxes.
>
> Medieval Sourcebook:
> Latin Kings of Jerusalem
> http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/latinkings.html
> (Site Excerpt) KINGS OF JERUSALEM 1099-1100 Godfrey of Bouillon
> 1100-1118 Baldwin of Le Bourg1118-1131 Baldwin II1131-1143 Fulk of
Anjou....
>
> Factmonster: Jerusalem, Latin Kingdom of    Copyright © 2003, Columbia
> University Press
> http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/history/A0826210.html
> (Site Excerpt) Jerusalem, Latin Kingdom of, feudal state created by
leaders
> of the First Crusade (see Crusades) in the areas they had wrested from the
> Muslims in Syria and Palestine. In 1099, after their capture of Jerusalem,
> the Crusaders chose Godfrey of Bouillon king; he declined the title,
> preferring that of defender of the Holy Sepulcher, but with his election
the
> kingdom may be said to have begun. His brother and successor, Baldwin I,
> took the royal title.
>
> The flag of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem copyright Santiago Dotor
> http://flagspot.net/flags/crus-kj.html
> (Site Excerpt) The Crusaders flag/arms of Jerusalem that became known in
> heraldry simply as Jerusalem cross has 5 crosses: one large cross potent
and
> 4 crosslets, the crosses are yellow and the field is white. One thing the
> flag is famous for is breaking the "no metal on metal" rule. But I
recently
> discovered that a variant of this flag was used as a civil ensign as late
as
> this century.
>
> Map: Christian States in Syria:  Fordham University
> http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/maps/crusaders2.jpg
>
> About.com: The Jerusalem Cross   Copyright  © 2004 About, Inc
> http://christianity.about.com/cs/artgallery/p/jerusalemcross.htm
> (Site Excerpt) The Jerusalem Cross was first used as a coat of arms for
the
> Latin Kingdom in Jerusalem. During the Crusades, it was referred to as the
> "Crusaders Cross." The four small crosses are symbolic of the four Gospels
> proclaimed to the four corners of the earth, beginning in Jerusalem; the
> large cross symbolizes the person of Christ.More Symbols of Christianity:
>
> Crusader: A Conspiracy in the Kingdom of Jerusalem
> By Tom Houston
> http://www.justadventure.com/reviews/Crusader/Crusader.shtm
> (Site Excerpt) The prelude to our story begins in the year 1180, a time
> between the second and third Crusades, at the Fiefdom Dun-Le-Roy in
France,
> where the violent Lord Arthaud has incurred the wrath of the King of
France
> by burning the fief's monastery to the ground and killing its occupants
> because they balked at paying his taxes.The king, Philippe Auguste, is
> displeased and, under pressure from the Roman Catholic Church, decides to
> punish Arthaud and strip him of his rights by attacking his fortress.
> Arthaud's defenses quickly collapse under the might of the Royal Army of
> France. Philippe judges that death would be too kind for such rebellion
and
> instead chooses to have Arthaud placed alive in a crypt-like tomb, where
he
> will remain for three years.
>
> Les Hospitaliers de Saint-Jean-de-Jérusalem (no page attribution)
> http://www.insolite.asso.fr/templiers/hospitaliers.htm
> This site is entirely in French but has a lovely photo of Krak des
> Chevaliers, the crusader's Castle.
>
> Krak Des Chevaliers
> http://vialupo.jcldb.com/lawrence/krak1.html
> Also in french, but this site offers a tour of the castle.
>
> Reccomended Reading:
> The Leper King and his Heirs : Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of
> Jerusalem by Bernard Hamilton ISBN: 052164187X
> Secular Buildings in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem An Archaeological
> Gazetteer byDenys Pringle ISBN: 0521460107
> Knights of the Holy Land, The Crusader Kingdom Jerusalem. The Israel
Museum,
> Jerusalem, 1999.
>
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