[Sca-cooks] Forks in period???

[Debra Hense]

Efuentes Demetrios in his new book - Byzantine Cuisine has this to say
about forks:

Forks reportedly occurred very early in Byzantine history.  Gregory of
Nyssa (4th C.) reports the use of a 'fork' with a single tine.  The
number of tines increased over time, with Eusthasios of Thessalonika
(12th C.) reporting five tines.  Forks were purportedly introduced to
the West via the dowry of the Byzantine Princess Theodora Doukas.
[Koukoule, P., Byzantinon Bios Kai Politismos (Byazantine Life and
Civilization).  Collection de l'Instute Francais D'Atheneses: Athens,
1952, Volume V, Chapters 1 and 2.]

Demetrios has an edited translation to English of Koukoule in Appendix
E of his Byzantine Cuisine book.

If you haven't guessed already - I just received my copy.  Very nice.
Large easy to read 12 point typeface.  Well foot-noted.  Organized in a
logical manner.  The translations take up approximately two thirds of
the book.

He has translated into English:
      Prodromic Poems - Hesseling, D. & Pernot, H -Poems prodromiques
en grec vulgaire.- Amsterdam, 1910; Jeanseleme, E. & Oeconomos, L. -La
Satire contre les Higoumenes. Poem attribue a Theodore Prodrom, essai de
traduction francaise.- Byazantion, 1924, Vol 1, 317 - 339; Soyter, G.
-Humor und Satire in der Byzantinisch Literature-. Bayerische Blatter
fur das Gymnaialschulwesen, 1928, Vol 64 pp 38-210.

      Simeon Seth (from french) - Brunet, Marc (trans.) -Simeon Seth:
Medecin de L'Empereur-. Michel Doucas, Delmas Publishers: Bordeaux,
France, 1939

      Hierophile (from french) - Boissonade, M. -Trait alimentaire du
Medecin Hierophile- in Notices et extraits des Manuscrits de la
Bibliotheque du Roi, t., Volume XI, 2nd Part, 178-273, Paris 1827.

      Ailments et Recettes Culinaires des Byantins (from french) -
Jeanselme and Oeconomos, Communications faite au 3rd Congred de
l'Histoire de l'art de Guerir, London, July 17-22, 1922.  Printed by De
Vlijt, Anvers, 1923.

     Byzantine Life and Civilization (from french) - Koukoule, P.,
-Byzantinon Bios Kai Politismos.-  Collection de l'Instute Francais
D'Atheneses: Athens, 1952, Volume V, Chapters 1 and 2.

He told me that he couldn't include facsimiles of the orginials as that
would have made the book twice as large - its already well over 400
pages.

Kateryn de Develyn